Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach,
German philosopher, theologian and socialist.
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach was born into a scholarly family, his father having been a jurist and professor of criminal law at the Bavarian University of Landshut. Raised in Munich, Feuerbach started off studying theology at Heidelberg, but subsequently switched to philosophy and transferred to the University of Berlin, where he came under the spell of the philosopher G.F.W. Hegel. Feuerbach would go on to form, with Bruno Bauer, Karl Marx, and other Berlin students of Hegel, the core of the "Young Hegelian" movement. .
Feuerbach returned to Bavaria to complete his studies, receiving his doctorate from the University of Erlangen He submitted his habilitation thesis later that same year, and stayed on at Erlangen as a lecturer. However, Feuerbach's first publication, an anonymous treatise on death and immortality (), was deemed irreligious and condemned. In Feuerbach suspended his teaching, and retired to the rural village of Bruckberg (near Nuremberg), living off his wife's endowment in a porcelain factory, and writing mainl
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
1. Biographical Introduction
Ludwig was the third son of the distinguished jurist, Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach. His nephew, the neo-classical painter, Anselm Feuerbach, was the son of Ludwig’s older brother, also called Anselm, himself a classical archaeologist and aesthetician “in the spirit of Lessing and Winckelmann.”[2] Ludwig’s father, who studied philosophy and law at Jena in the s with the Kantians, Karl Reinhold and Gottlieb Hufeland, respectively, belonged to a group of distinguished northern German scholars called to Bavaria during the period of administrative reform under Maximilian Montgelas, and charged with the task of modernizing the legal and educational institutions of what became in the modern kingdom of Bavaria. Other members of this group of Nordlichter or “northern lights” included F. I. Niethammer, F. H. Jacobi (the godfather of Ludwig’s younger brother, Friedrich), and Friedrich Thiersch (the tutor of Ludwig’s two oldest brothers, who has sometimes been called “the Humboldt of Bavaria”). P. J. A. Feuerbach was knighted in recognition of his achievement i
Ludwig Feuerbach
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Nascido em Rechenberg em , Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach foi um filósofo alemão conhecido pelo estudo da teologia humanista. Ele foi aluno do filósofo Hegel, porém, abandonou os estudos hegelianos para, em , iniciar estudos em ciências naturais. Após dois anos de análise, publica “Pensamentos Sobre a Morte e Imortalidade” de forma anônima. Foi nesta obra que iniciou suas investidas contra a ideia de imortalidade. Para Feuerbach, após o falecimento, todas as características humanas são carcomidas pela natureza.
Em , escreve “Abelardo e Heloísa”, já em publica “Pierre Bayle” e um ano depois, “Sobre Filosofia e Cristianismo”. Esta última obra ficou famosa por ter influenciado Karl Marx. “Sobre Filosofia e Cristianismo” é um livro dividido em duas partes: na primeira, Feuerbach discute a "essência verdadeira ou antropológica da religião". Entretanto, na segunda, faz uma análise sobre a "essência falsa ou teológica", para ele, toda tipo de religião é uma forma de alienação na qual as pessoas projetam seu conceito de “ideal humano” em um ser superior.
Feuerbach viveu em anos de turbulência política, por contestar os religiosos entre os anos de e ,
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas
German philosopher; b. Landshut, July 28, ; d. Rechenberg, near Nürnberg, Sept. 13, ; a proponent of atheistic humanism, he prepared the way for Karl Marx's dialectical and historical materialism with his criticisms of Hegelian philosophy.
Feuerbach originally embarked upon a theological course of studies, but abandoned this to study philosophy under hegel in Berlin. For a short time he taught at the University of Erlangen, then withdrew from the faculty after he was discovered and criticized as author of an anonymous work, Gedanken eines Denkers über Tod und Unsterblichkeit (), which denied the immortality of the soul. He then retired to an estate in the country, where his wife's affluence allowed him to lead a life of private study.
Initially a fervent Hegelian, Feuerbach soon became convinced that Hegel's philosophy is too idealistic and does not pay sufficient attention to man in his physical environment. In an article in the Hallische Jahrbücher () that was to determine the further development of left-wing Hegelianism, he attacked Hegel's idealism for spiritualizing nature and taking away its proper reality. According to Hege
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