November - Geburtstag von Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg entstammt dem märkischen Adel. Aber er ist aufgeschlossen für die Moderne, spricht fließend Englisch und Französisch und hat mit preußischem Militarismus nichts im Sinn. Nach seinem Wehrdienst entwickelt er sich zu einem Spitzenbeamten.
Innere Reformen als Reichskanzler
beruft ihn der Kaiser zum Kanzler. Wilhelm II. kennt Bethmann Hollweg aus seiner Jugendzeit. Der neue Kanzler will Reformen im Inneren: Elsass-Lothringen bekommt eine Verfassung mit gleichem Wahlrecht. Er setzt eine Reichsfinanzreform durch. Die deutsche Sozialversicherung wird zur modernsten Europas. Außenpolitisch warnt er, "nicht leichtfertig die Lunte an das Pulverfass zu legen".
Bethmann Hollweg will eine Annäherung an Großbritannien, um Deutschland aus der Isolation zu führen. Doch die Anhänger der deutschen Flottenrüstung, allen voran Großadmiral Alfred von Tirpitz, torpedieren jeden Versuch einer Annäherung. Bethmann Hollweg knüpft enge Beziehungen zum britischen Außenminister Edward Grey. Die Kooperation bewährt sich in der Balkankrise
Im Juli hätte es wieder so kommen können. Doch Bethmann Hollweg bekommt von
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von
By Katharine Anne Lerman
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg ()
Appointed German Chancellor by Kaiser Wilhelm in , Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg was forced to resign by German military leadership in
Bain News Service: Bethmann Hollweg, black-and-white photograph, n.p., n.d.; source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ggbain,
Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von
Imperial German Chancellor and Prussian Minister-President
Born 29 November in Hohenfinow, German Reich
Died 01 January in Hohenfinow, German Reich
Summary
Bethmann was a career civil servant who became Imperial Germany’s fifth Reich Chancellor and took Germany into the First World War. Despite heading the imperial German political administration, his power was circumscribed by the role of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the army leadership. He was forced to resign inEarly Political Career
Born into a successful commercial and agrarian family, Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg () studied law at university and, like his father and grandfather, rose to prominence in the Prussian internal administrati
The Imperial Chancellor Defends the Invasion of Belgium
WWI Document Archive > Documents > The Imperial Chancellor Defends the Invasion of Belgium
The German Imperial Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg appeared before the Reichstag on August 4, , just after the German invasion of Belgium, to define the German war position.
A stupendous fate is breaking over Europe. For forty-four years, since the time we fought for and won the German Empire and our position in the world, we have lived in peace and have protected the peace of Europe. In the works of peace we have become strong and powerful, and have thus aroused the envy of others. With patience we have faced the fact that, under the pretense that Germany was desirous of war, enmity has been awakened against us in the East and the West, and chains have been fashioned for us. The wind then sown has brought forth the whirlwind which has now broken loose. We wished to continue our work of peace, and, like a silent vow, the feeling that animated everyone from the Emperor down to the youngest soldier was this: Only in defense of a just cause shall our sword fly from its scabbard.
The day has now come when we
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von
BETHMANN HOLLWEG, THEOBALD VON (–), German statesman, served as imperial chancellor, –
Often called the "Hamlet" of German politics, Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg combined a legalistic and bureaucratic mind with inner doubt and misgiving. He was appointed Prussian minister of the interior in and German state secretary of the interior two years later. In he replaced the unctuous Bernhard Heinrich Martin Karl von Bülow (–) as German chancellor. Bethmann Hollweg's peacetime accomplishments were modest: in he promulgated a more liberal constitution for Alsace-Lorraine, but in December he suffered the first-ever vote of no-confidence in the German parliament over his inept handling of a civil-military confrontation at Zabern, Alsace. In January the Prussian Upper House censured him for failing to uphold conservative principles; most critically, he was unable to master the Reich's chaotic fiscal situation caused by Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz's (–) fleet building against Britain.
Bethmann Hollweg came to the Chancery with no diplomatic experience, yet his career would be defined by four diplomatic-military crises. In July it fell to him to manage th
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